Peak sun hours (kadang equivalent sun hours atau daily peak solar insolation) memberitahu berapa energi solar usable di site Anda per hari — dinyatakan jam intensitas 1.000 watts per square meter (W/m²). Benchmark 1.000 W/m² same intensity labs use panel nameplate ratings. Long summer day might 14 hours daylight tapi only 5–6 peak sun hours, morning evening light weaker. Need single daily number — not raw daylight hours — size panels batteries without winter failures.
US zip-level lookups state tables: Peak Sun Hours by Zip Code. Once worst-month value, plug daily watt-hours Kalkulator WattSizing.
Apa Peak Sun Hours?
Peak sun hours compress full day changing sunlight one equivalent number "perfect sun" hours 1.000 W/m².
Solar panels rated Standard Test Conditions (STC), include 1.000 W/m² irradiance, 25°C cell temperature, fixed spectrum. Field, sun rarely sits angle intensity all day. Rather integrate every minute production, planners add day energy divide 1.000 W/m².
Contoh: Roof receives same total energy four hours perfect 1.000 W/m² sun, site has 4 peak sun hours day — regardless real sun up 10 atau 14 clock hours.
Equivalent Sun Hours dan Peak Solar Insolation (W/m²)
Same idea different names:
| Istilah | Artinya |
|---|---|
| Peak sun hours | Daily solar energy ÷ 1.000 W/m², hours |
| Equivalent sun hours | Same metric — hours 1.000 W/m² equivalent |
| Peak solar insolation | Instantaneous averaged irradiance, often W/m² atau kWh/m²/day |
| PSH / PSH/day | Abbreviation peak sun hours per day |
Peak solar insolation 1.000 W/m² reference line. Maps tools report 5,2 kWh/m²/day month, roughly 5,2 peak sun hours period (same energy, different units).
Off-grid sizing almost always uses worst month PSH, not annual average — Desember (Hemisfer Utara) atau Juni (Hemisfer Selatan) numbers drive array size.
Peak Sun Hours vs Peak Hours of Sun (Daylight)
Not interchangeable:
- Daylight / peak hours of sun (colloquial): Clock time sunrise sunset, informal "sunny part day."
- Peak sun hours (technical): Energy-based. Cloudy 12-hour day still 12 hours daylight tapi only 2–3 peak sun hours.
Sizing daylight hours undersize winter off-grid systems. Always use irradiance-based peak sun hours map calculator.
Formula Sizing Yang Actually Need
Watt Array = Kebutuhan Energi Harian (Wh) ÷ Peak Sun Hours ÷ Efisiensi Sistem
Typical real-world system efficiency (charge controller, wiring, heat, soiling): 0,75–0,80.
Contoh ilustratif (Ohio cabin, Desember):
- Daily load: 2.400 Wh
- Worst-month peak sun hours: 2,5
- Efficiency: 0,75
2.400 ÷ 2,5 = 960 W(raw array before losses)960 ÷ 0,75 = **1.280 W**(four 320 W panels)
Using summer ~5,5 peak sun hours instead suggest only ~581 W — system fail November through February. Lihat Winter and Low-Sun Sizing: Design for Your Worst Month worst-month planning.
Peak Sun Hours di Area Saya: Peta dan Alat Lookup
Searchers often ask peak solar hours map peak sun hours in my area. Reliable options:
| Alat | Terbaik untuk | What read |
|---|---|---|
| NREL PVWatts | US addresses | Monthly Solar Radiation (kWh/m²/day) ≈ peak sun hours |
| Global Solar Atlas | Worldwide | Global Horizontal Irradiation (GHI) maps site data |
| Peak Sun Hours by Zip Code | US quick reference | State/zip context sizing tie-in |
How pull right number:
- Enter address coordinates.
- Open monthly table (not annual average alone).
- Note lowest month value — off-grid design peak sun hour.
- Match tilt azimuth real mount (flat RV roof ≠optimal tilt map).
Maps assume average weather history. Micro-shading trees chimneys cut real peak sun hours below map.
Peak Sun Hours Tipikal by Region dan Season
Regional averages sanity-check map lookup:
| Region | Summer average | Winter average | Annual average |
|---|---|---|---|
| Southwest USA (e.g., Arizona) | 6,5–7,5 h | 4,0–5,0 h | 5,5–6,5 h |
| Northeast USA (e.g., New York) | 5,0–6,0 h | 2,0–3,0 h | 3,5–4,5 h |
| Australia (e.g., Queensland) | 6,0–7,0 h | 4,5–5,5 h | 5,0–6,0 h |
| Northern Europe (e.g., UK) | 4,5–5,5 h | 1,0–2,0 h | 2,5–3,5 h |
Illustrative ranges only. Site, tilt, shading change real peak sun hour.
Yang Kebanyakan Panduan Lewatkan
- Worst-month rule off-grid: Size month fewest peak sun hours, not annual average.
- System derate: Heat, cable loss, MPPT conversion, dust often cost 20–25% — use 0,75–0,80 formula.
- Mounting angle: Tables assume optimal tilt equator. Flat mounts vans lose winter peak sun hours sun stays low.
- Load vs sun data: "How check load" solar two steps — (a) measure estimate daily Wh load, (b) pair site peak sun hours map. Do not confuse electrical load (watts) solar resource (peak sun hours).
Checklist Praktis
- Get site data: PVWatts (US) Global Solar Atlas (global).
- Pick worst month: Lowest kWh/m²/day monthly table.
- Match mount: Enter real tilt/azimuth tool allows.
- List daily Wh: Add appliances autonomy days need.
- Run formula atau Kalkulator WattSizing worst-month peak sun hours.
FAQs
Apa peak sun hours dalam istilah sederhana?
Number hours per day full-strength sun 1.000 W/m² deliver same total energy location actually receives. One peak sun hour equals one hour reference intensity.
Apakah equivalent sun hours sama peak sun hours?
Ya. Equivalent sun hours peak sun hours describe same daily energy metric, different wording datasheets maps.
Apa peak solar insolation W/m²?
Solar insolation power per area (W/m²). Peak refers STC reference 1.000 W/m². Daily maps often report energy (kWh/m²/day), converts directly peak sun hours.
Bagaimana temukan peak sun hours di area saya?
Use PVWatts US sites Global Solar Atlas elsewhere. Read monthly solar radiation column, atau Peak Sun Hours by Zip US context.
Apakah ada peak solar hours map trust?
Ya — government multilateral tools (NREL, World Bank Global Solar Atlas) publish peak sun hour GHI maps long-term weather models. Avoid random blog maps no cited data source.
Apakah peak sun hours sama jam daylight?
Tidak. Daylight clock time; peak sun hours measure energy. 14-hour summer day might yield only 6 peak sun hours.
Apakah panel work outside peak sun hours?
Ya. Panels produce whenever sun up, output lower morning evening. Lower production already baked daily peak sun hour total.
Haruskah use summer atau winter peak sun hours?
Off-grid / year-round RV: use winter (worst month). Grid-tied net metering: annual average enough bill modeling, winter backup loads still need worst-month checks.
Bagaimana awan ubah peak sun hours?
Heavy clouds drop 5 peak-sun-hour clear day 1–2 hours equivalent. Why worst-month historical data matters reliability.
Apakah panel temperature ubah peak sun hours?
Tidak — peak sun hours describe sunlight site, not panel temperature. Hot cells reduce panel efficiency, why still apply 0,75–0,80 system efficiency factor sizing math.
Sumber dan Bacaan Lanjutan
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL) – PVWatts Calculator
- World Bank Group – Global Solar Atlas
- U.S. Department of Energy – Planning a Home Solar Electric System
Langkah berikutnya: PSH worst-month di Kalkulator WattSizing — lengkapi dengan Berapa Baterai Off-Grid, berapa panel solar off grid, dan Peak Sun Hours by Zip Code.
